壓(ya)(ya)力傳感器是一種(zhong)可(ke)以將壓(ya)(ya)力變量轉換為(wei)標準(zhun)輸(shu)出(chu)信號(hao)的儀器，壓(ya)(ya)力變量與輸(shu)出(chu)信號(hao)之間存(cun)在一定的函數關系，根據工作(zuo)原理的不(bu)同，壓(ya)(ya)力傳感器可(ke)分為(wei)以下幾種(zhong)：

1. 壓阻式傳感器

壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)阻式(shi)傳感器(qi)向隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)的前表面(mian)施(shi)加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力。 在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力的作用下，隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)會發生(sheng)一定程度(du)的變(bian)形，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏(min)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)片背面(mian)印有厚膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電阻，從(cong)而形成(cheng)惠(hui)斯通(tong)電橋。在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)阻效(xiao)應下，電橋會產生(sheng)相應的電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)信號，該電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)信號與(yu)激勵電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)。

2.壓電傳感器

壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳感器(qi)是利用正(zheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)研制的(de)(de)，正(zheng)高壓(ya)效(xiao)應(ying)是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)施(shi)加一定(ding)的(de)(de)外力(li)使其(qi)變形(xing)(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)內部會發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)極化，在其(qi)兩個表面(mian)產生(sheng)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。不同的(de)(de)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，當(dang)外力(li)停止作(zuo)用時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)又恢復到不帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)極性隨(sui)著力(li)的(de)(de)方向改變而(er)改變。當(dang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)極性方向施(shi)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)也會發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變形(xing)(xing)，而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing)在抵消后消失，這就是逆壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)。

3.應變傳感器

一種特殊的(de)(de)粘(zhan)合劑用于將應變(bian)(bian)片粘(zhan)合在(zai)(zai)一起以產(chan)生(sheng)機械應變(bian)(bian)。 當(dang)身體上的(de)(de)力發生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)時，電(dian)阻應變(bian)(bian)片也會發生(sheng)一定程度的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形，進而影響電(dian)阻值(zhi)和(he)電(dian)阻上的(de)(de)電(dian)壓。 發生(sheng)了變(bian)(bian)化(hua)。 然而，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種情(qing)況下，電(dian)阻值(zhi)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)很小。 通常形成應變(bian)(bian)電(dian)橋，在(zai)(zai)儀(yi)表放大器的(de)(de)作用下變(bian)(bian)大，最后(hou)傳遞給加工線顯示器或(huo)執行器。

4. 電容式傳感器

電(dian)容(rong)式(shi)傳感(gan)器分為電(dian)動和(he)氣動兩(liang)(liang)大類。前者的(de)(de)標準化輸入(ru)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)為直流信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，后(hou)者的(de)(de)輸出(chu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)為氣壓，被測(ce)(ce)介質的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)種壓力(li)分別輸入(ru)高低(di)壓室，作(zuo)用在敏感(gan)元件兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)的(de)(de)隔(ge)離膜片上。測(ce)(ce)量膜片和(he)絕緣片兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)的(de)(de)電(dian)極組成(cheng)一(yi)個電(dian)容(rong)器。當兩(liang)(liang)邊的(de)(de)壓力(li)不同時，模塊就會(hui)發生(sheng)位移，兩(liang)(liang)邊的(de)(de)電(dian)流也會(hui)不同。 在振蕩和(he)調整的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下，形成(cheng)電(dian)流、電(dian)壓或數字輸出(chu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。阿